Rank	Name	Influence
1	Muhammad	Prophet of Islam; conqueror of Arabia
2	Isaac Newton	physicist; theory of universal gravitation; laws of motion
3	Jesus Christ	founder of Christianity
4	Buddha	founder of Buddhism
5	Confucius	founder of Confucianism
6	St. Paul	proselytizer of Christianity
7	Ts'ai Lun	inventor of paper
8	Johann Gutenberg	developed movable type; printed Bibles
9	Christopher Columbus	explorer; led Europe to Americas
10	Albert Einstein	physicist; relativity; Einsteinian physics
11	Louis Pasteur	scientist; pasteurization
12	Galileo Galilei	astronomer; accurately described heliocentric solar system
13	Aristotle	influential Greek philosopher
14	Euclid	mathematician; Euclidian geometry
15	Moses	major prophet of Judaism
16	Charles Darwin	biologist; described Darwinian evolution, which had theological impact on many religions
17	Shih Huang Ti	Chinese emperor
18	Augustus Caesar	ruler
19	Nicolaus Copernicus	astronomer; taught heliocentricity
20	Antoine Laurent Lavoisier	father of modern chemistry; philosopher; economist
21	Constantine the Great	Roman emperor who completely legalized Christianity, leading to its status as state religion. Convened the First Council of Nicaea that produced the Nicene Creed, which rejected Arianism (one of two major strains of Christian thought) and established Athanasianism (Trinitarianism, the other strain) as "official doctrine."
22	James Watt	developed steam engine
23	Michael Faraday	physicist; chemist; discovery of magneto-electricity
24	James Clerk Maxwell	physicist; electromagnetic spectrum
25	Martin Luther	founder of Protestantism and Lutheranism
26	George Washington	first president of United States
27	Karl Marx	founder of Marxism, Marxist Communism
28	Orville and Wilbur Wright	inventors of airplane
29	Genghis Khan	Mongol conqueror
30	Adam Smith	economist; philosopher; expositor of capitalism; author: The Theory of Moral Sentiments
31	Edward de Vere a.k.a. William Shakepeare	literature; also wrote 6 volumes about philosophy and religion
32	John Dalton	chemist; physicist; atomic theory; law of partial pressures (Dalton's law)
33	Alexander the Great	conqueror
34	Napoleon Bonaparte	French conqueror
35	Thomas Edison	inventor of light bulb, phonograph, etc.
36	Antony van Leeuwenhoek	microscopes; studied microscopic life
37	William T.G. Morton	pioneer in anesthesiology
38	Guglielmo Marconi	inventor of radio
39	Adolf Hitler	conqueror; led Axis Powers in WWII
40	Plato	founder of Platonism
41	Oliver Cromwell	British political and military leader
42	Alexander Graham Bell	inventor of telephone
43	Alexander Fleming	penicillin; advances in bacteriology, immunology and chemotherapy
44	John Locke	philosopher and liberal theologian
45	Ludwig van Beethoven	composer
46	Werner Heisenberg	a founder of quantum mechanics; discovered principle of uncertainty; head of Nazi Germany's nuclear program
47	Louis Daguerre	an inventor/pioneer of photography
48	Simon Bolivar	National hero of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia
49	Rene Descartes	Rationalist philosopher and mathematician
50	Michelangelo	painter; sculptor; architect
51	Pope Urban II	called for First Crusade
52	Umar ibn al-Khattab	Second Caliph; expanded Muslim empire
53	Asoka	king of India who converted to and spread Buddhism
54	St. Augustine	Early Christian theologian
55	William Harvey	described the circulation of blood; wrote Essays on the Generation of Animals, the basis for modern embryology
56	Ernest Rutherford	physicist; pioneer of subatomic physics
57	John Calvin	Protestant reformer; founder of Calvinism
58	Gregor Mendel	Mendelian genetics
59	Max Planck	physicist; thermodynamics
60	Joseph Lister	principal discoverer of antiseptics which greatly reduced surgical mortality
61	Nikolaus August Otto	built first four-stroke internal combustion engine
62	Francisco Pizarro	Spanish conqueror in South America; defeated Incas
63	Hernando Cortes	conquered Mexico for Spain; through war and introduction of new diseases he largely destroyed Aztec civilization
64	Thomas Jefferson	3rd president of United States
65	Queen Isabella I	Spanish ruler
66	Joseph Stalin	revolutionary and ruler of USSR
67	Julius Caesar	Roman emperor
68	William the Conqueror	laid foundation of modern England
69	Sigmund Freud	founded Freudian school of psychology/psychoanalysis (i.e., the "religion of Freudianism")
70	Edward Jenner	discoverer of the vaccination for smallpox
71	Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen	discovered X-rays
72	Johann Sebastian Bach	composer
73	Lao Tzu	founder of Taoism
74	Voltaire	writer and philosopher; wrote Candide
75	Johannes Kepler	astronomer; planetary motions
76	Enrico Fermi	initiated the atomic age; father of atom bomb
77	Leonhard Euler	physicist; mathematician; differential and integral calculus and algebra
78	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	French deistic philosopher and author
79	Nicoli Machiavelli	wrote The Prince (influential political treatise)
80	Thomas Malthus	economist; wrote Essay on the Principle of Population
81	John F. Kennedy	U.S. President who led first successful effort by humans to travel to another "planet"
82	Gregory Pincus	endocrinologist; developed birth-control pill
83	Mani	founder of Manicheanism, once a world religion which rivaled Christianity in strength
84	Lenin	Russian ruler
85	Sui Wen Ti	unified China
86	Vasco da Gama	navigator; discovered route from Europe to India around Cape Hood
87	Cyrus the Great	founder of Persian empire
88	Peter the Great	forged Russia into a great European nation
89	Mao Zedong	founder of Maoism, Chinese form of Communism
90	Francis Bacon	philosopher; delineated inductive scientific method
91	Henry Ford	developed automobile; achievement in manufacturing and assembly
92	Mencius	philosopher; founder of a school of Confucianism
93	Zoroaster	founder of Zoroastrianism
94	Queen Elizabeth I	British monarch; restored Church of England to power after Queen Mary
95	Mikhail Gorbachev	Russian premier who helped end Communism in USSR
96	Menes	unified Upper and Lower Egypt
97	Charlemagne	Holy Roman Empire created with his baptism in 800 AD
98	Homer	epic poet
99	Justinian I	Roman emperor; reconquered Mediterranean empire; accelerated Catholic-Monophysite schism
100	Mahavira	founder of Jainism